Venous hypertension is the condition where there is increased pressure in the veins, particularly in the lower extremities. This happens when the veins are unable to effectively return blood to the heart, causing blood to pool and pressure to build up in the veins.
Causes of Venous Hypertension:
- Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI): The most common cause, which occurs when the vein valves become weakened or damaged, preventing blood from flowing upward toward the heart efficiently.
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot in a deep vein can impede blood flow and cause increased pressure.
- Varicose Veins: Enlarged, twisted veins that have weakened valves can lead to pooling of blood and increased pressure in the veins.
- Pregnancy or Obesity: Increased pressure from the uterus or extra weight can put stress on the veins and lead to venous hypertension.
Symptoms of Venous Hypertension:
- Swelling (Edema): Often seen in the legs and ankles, especially after standing for long periods.
- Pain and Heaviness: A feeling of heaviness or aching in the affected limbs.
- Skin Changes: Darkening of the skin, itching, or development of ulcers, especially around the ankles.
- Varicose Veins: Visible, swollen veins that may be painful or tender.
Complications:
- Venous Ulcers: Chronic venous hypertension can lead to ulcers, especially around the ankle area, due to poor circulation.
- Skin Changes: Long-term pressure can cause skin changes, such as pigmentation or thickening.
- Infection: Open ulcers are prone to bacterial infection.
Treatment:
- Compression Therapy: Wearing compression stockings to help reduce swelling and promote blood flow.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Elevating the legs, regular physical activity, and weight management.
- Medications: To improve vein tone and reduce inflammation.
- Surgical Procedures: In severe cases, procedures such as vein stripping, sclerotherapy, or endovenous laser treatment may be necessary.