COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a group of progressive lung diseases that cause breathing difficulties and airflow obstruction. The two most common conditions that fall under COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
- Chronic bronchitis involves long-term inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which leads to increased mucus production and a persistent cough.
- Emphysema is characterized by damage to the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs), resulting in reduced surface area for gas exchange and difficulty exhaling air.
Causes:
The primary cause of COPD is long-term exposure to irritants that damage the lungs. The most common cause is smoking, but exposure to air pollution, chemical fumes, and dust can also contribute to the development of COPD.
Symptoms:
- Shortness of breath (especially during physical activity)
- Chronic cough that produces mucus
- Wheezing
- Chest tightness
- Frequent respiratory infections
- Fatigue
Treatment:
While COPD is a chronic and progressive condition with no cure, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. Treatment options include:
- Medications (bronchodilators, steroids)
- Oxygen therapy
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Lifestyle changes (quitting smoking, avoiding lung irritants, and staying physically active)
COPD can significantly impact quality of life, so early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes.